Epidemiology and Health

Original Articles

Dental implant removal rates and related factors in older adults in Korea: a cross-sectional study using National Health Insurance Sharing Service database: Hyang-Ah Park, A-Rang Lim, Jae-In Ryu; Epidemiol Health. 2025;47:e2025064. Published online December 3, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025064

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Abstract Summary PDF: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Dental implants have been covered by the National Health Insurance for older adults in Korea since 2014. As the number of implant treatments has increased, the occurrence of related complications has also grown. While many clinical studies have examined mechanical and biological complications, few epidemiological studies using national data have identified population-level risk factors. This study aimed to determine the dental implant removal rate and related factors among older adults based on the Andersen Behavioral Model.
METHODS
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with implant removal. Unadjusted and stepwise cumulative models were applied for predisposing, enabling, and need factors. All analyses were conducted using SPSS version 26.0, with statistical significance set at α=0.05.
RESULTS
The overall dental implant removal rate among older adults was approximately 0.4%. Higher removal rates were observed among males, those aged 65-69, current smokers, individuals with diabetes, and the self-employed group with higher income levels. Current smokers had 1.75 times higher odds of implant removal (95% confidence interval, 1.39 to 2.22) than non- smokers or former smokers.
CONCLUSIONS
Targeted education, management, and preventive interventions for high-risk groups, including smokers and patients with diabetes, are necessary to improve implant success and reduce complications. These findings provide population- based evidence to inform public health strategies that promote successful implant outcomes among older adults.; Summary

Korean summary
이 연구는 국가 단위의 빅데이터 코호트를 이용해 치과 임플란트 제거에 관해 시행한 선행 연구가 없었기 때문에 국가 빅데이터를 활용해 치과 임플란트 제거율과 관련 요인을 파악하기 위해 Anderson Model을 기반으로 다요인 분석을 실시하였다. 전체 치과 임플란트 제거율은 약 0.4%였으며, 남성, 젊은 연령, 건강보험 가입자, 상위 소득분위 자영업자, 당뇨병, 흡연, 유산소 신체 활동 실천자에서 더 높게 나타났다. 특히 현재 흡연자인 경우 치과 임플란트 제거율을 경험할 확률이 1.8배 높았다. 따라서, 치과 임플란트 시술의 성공률을 높이기 위해서는 위험요인에 대해 명시한 가이드라인 제작이 필수적이다.

Key Message
This study conducted a multifactorial analysis based on the Andersen model to identify factors associated with dental implant removal using national big data, addressing the lack of prior studies that examined these determinants sufficiently. The dental implant removal rate among all subjects was approximately 0.4%, and higher removal rates were observed among men, younger individuals, those receiving medical benefits, the self-employed group with higher income quintiles, and individuals with diabetes, smoking habits, or engagement in aerobic physical activity. Current smokers had a 1.8-fold higher probability of implant removal. These findings reinforce the importance of developing and implementing guidelines to increase the success rate of dental implants.

Occurrence rate and estimated economic burden of pulp and periapical disease treatment among Korean older adults: a national population-based retrospective study: Hyeonjeong Go, Masae Kuboniwa, Youn-Hee Choi; Epidemiol Health. 2025;47:e2025035. Published online July 3, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025035

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Abstract Summary PDF: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Maintaining healthy dentition is essential for the overall health of older adults. Treatment of pulp and periapical disease (PPD) is crucial for preserving teeth. This study assessed the occurrence rate and economic burden of PPD treatment in an older Korean population.
METHODS
Data were obtained for adults aged ≥65 years from the Korean National Health Insurance Services from 2014 to 2018. The occurrence rate was defined as the proportion of individuals who received ≥1 PPD treatment. The economic burden was estimated using both direct and indirect expenditures, calculated from a societal perspective. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate yearly trends in occurrence rate and economic burden.
RESULTS
Direct costs, which included insured and non-insured medical expenses, ranged from US$13.79 million to US$10.47 million. Indirect costs, comprising transportation and time costs, ranged from US$0.89 million to US$0.80 million. Total costs declined from US$14.68 million to US$11.36 million. The occurrence rate of PPD treatment decreased significantly from 1.24% to 0.91% (p<0.05). The economic burden also demonstrated a statistically significant downward trend, with total PPD costs decreasing from 0.00099% to 0.00066% of Korea’s GDP, and from 0.63% to 0.30% of the annual total dental care benefit costs between 2014 and 2018 (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The occurrence rate and estimated economic burden of PPD treatment significantly decreased among older Korean adults from 2014 to 2018. Conservative approaches to tooth preservation contribute to more effective oral health policies and help reduce the economic burden of oral disease treatments in an aging society.; Summary

Korean summary
· 한국 노년층에서 치수 및 치근단 질환 치료의 발생률과 경제적 부담은 연구 기간 동안 통계적으로 유의미하게 감소했습니다. · 이러한 연구 결과는 보존적 치과 치료가 고령화 사회에서 구강 질환으로 인한 경제적 부담을 줄이는 효과적인 구강 보건 정책이 될 수 있음을 시사합니다.

Key Message
· The occurrence rate and economic burden of pulp and periapical disease (PPD) treatment among older Korean adults have shown a statistically significant decrease over the study period. · These findings suggest that conservative dental treatment can serve as an effective oral health policy for reducing the economic burden of oral diseases in an aging society.

Mortality burden attributable to long-term exposure to fine particulate matter among older adults in Korea: Jongmin Oh, Jisun Myung, Changwoo Han, Hyun-Joo Bae, Soontae Kim, Yun-Chul Hong, Dong-Wook Lee, Youn-Hee Lim; Epidemiol Health. 2025;47:e2025028. Published online May 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025028

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and cause-specific mortality among older adults in Korea, providing insights into the evolving public health burden in an aging society.

METHODS

We analyzed national insurance claims data spanning 2010-2019. Modeled PM2.5 concentrations were assigned to participants according to their residential districts. We employed time-varying Cox proportional hazard models, using age as the time scale, adjusted for potential confounders. Six cause-specific mortalities were considered: ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), lung cancer (LC), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Annual excess deaths attributable to long-term PM2.5 exposure were calculated.

RESULTS

A total of 5,360,032 older adults were followed from 2010 to 2019. Hazard ratios (HRs) per 10 μg/m3 increase in 12-month PM2.5 concentration were as follows: IHD, 1.068 (95% CI, 1.040 to 1.097); stroke, 1.023 (95% CI, 1.003 to 1.043); ALRI, 1.050 (95% CI, 1.026 to 1.076); COPD, 1.114 (95% CI, 1.072 to 1.157); T2DM, 1.046 (95% CI, 1.007 to 1.086); and LC, 0.972 (95% CI, 0.948 to 0.996). Excess deaths attributable to long-term PM2.5 exposure were estimated at 4,888 (95% CI, 2,304 to 7,323) in 2010 and 5,179 (95% CI, 2,585 to 7,648) in 2019.

CONCLUSIONS

Although PM2.5 levels in Korea have shown a declining trend over the past decade, mortality among older adults associated with long-term PM2.5 exposure has not significantly decreased, likely due to the rapid aging of the population.

Summary

Korean summary
2010–2019년 동안 대한민국 노인 536만 명 대상의 후향적 코호트 연구를 수행하였다. 장기적인 초미세먼지(PM2.5) 노출은 허혈성 심질환, 뇌졸중, 하기도 감염, 만성폐쇄성폐질환, 제2형 당뇨병으로 인한 사망 위험 증가와 관련성이 있었다. 연간 PM2.5 농도는 감소했으나, 고령화로 인해 PM2.5에 기인한 초과 사망은 2010년 4,888명에서 2019년 5,179명으로 증가하였다. 대기질 개선에도 불구하고 고령화로 인해 PM2.5로 인한 사망 부담은 여전히 중요한 공중보건 문제이다.

Key Message
A retrospective cohort of 5.36 million older adults was followed from 2010 to 2019 in Korea. Long-term PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased mortality from IHD, stroke, ALRI, COPD, and T2DM. Although annual PM2.5 concentrations declined, excess deaths rose from 4,888 in 2010 to 5,179 in 2019, largely driven by population aging. Despite improvements in air quality, the PM2.5-related mortality burden remains a significant public health concern due to population aging.

Citations

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Exposure to particulate matters and risk of diabetes-related mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Weifang Yang, Jing Li
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2026; 31: 18. CrossRef

Social capital and regional influences: key predictors of unmet dental care needs among older adults in Korea: Ji-Yeon Lim, Ju-Mi Lee, Hae-Sung Nam; Epidemiol Health. 2025;47:e2025025. Published online May 7, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025025

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Abstract Summary PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Access to dental services is essential for improving quality of life, and social capital plays a key role in facilitating that access. This study aimed to identify individual-level and regional-level factors, including social capital, that predict unmet dental care needs among older adults.

METHODS

We analyzed data from 59,414 older adults obtained from the 2023 Korea Community Health Survey and the Korean Statistical Information Service, employing a 2-level multilevel model. The dependent variables comprised 3 types of unmet dental care needs: overall, due to lack of acceptability, and due to economic reasons. Twelve independent variables, including social capital and other individual and regional factors, were examined.

RESULTS

The prevalence of unmet needs was 14.15% overall, 8.70% for acceptability reasons, and 4.85% for economic reasons. Lower individual social capital was associated with higher odds of unmet dental care needs, whereas regional social capital factors demonstrated no significant association. Residing in regions with higher fiscal independence ratios was related to an increased likelihood of economic unmet needs (odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.52). In contrast, a greater density of dentists per 10,000 population was inversely associated with overall and acceptability-related unmet needs (OR, 0.82 for both; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.92 and 0.73 to 0.93, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Individual social capital and specific regional factors—namely, fiscal independence and density of dentists—may represent important determinants of unmet dental care needs among older adults. Policy interventions aimed at reducing unmet needs should consider these variables.

Summary

Korean summary
· 낮은 사회적 자본(이웃에 대한 낮은 신뢰, 적은 연락빈도, 배우자의 부재, 낮은 사회참여)은 노인의 미충족 치과의료경험을 증가시킨다. · 지역의 높은 재정자립도는 경제성 결여로 인한 미충족 치과의료경험을 증가시키며, 인구 1만명당 치과의사수가 높을수록 전체, 수용성 결여로 인한 미충족 치과의료경험을 감소시킨다.

Key Message
· Lower social capital (lower levels of trust in neighbors, less frequent contact, absence of a spouse, and lack of social participation) increases the risk of unmet dental care needs among older adults. · Higher regional fiscal independence increases unmet dental care needs due to economic reasons, while a greater density of dentists reduces overall unmet dental care needs and those due to lack of acceptability.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Mobility Limitations and Self-Perceived Unmet Dental Needs Among Korean Adults: A Nationwide Multilevel Analysis for Integrated Care
Han-Nah Kim, Nam-Hee Kim
International Dental Journal.2026; 76(2): 109371. CrossRef
Age Differences in Oral Function and Unmet Dental Care Among Korean Adults
Eun Gyo Son
Gerodontology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Cohort Profile

Cohort profile: the Taiwan Initiative for Geriatric Epidemiological Research - a prospective cohort study on cognition: Pei-Iun Hsieh, Te-Hsuan Huang, Jeng-Min Chiou, Jen-Hau Chen, Yen-Ching Chen; Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024057. Published online June 25, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024057

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Abstract

The Taiwan Initiative for Geriatric Epidemiological Research (TIGER) was founded in 2011 to elucidate the interrelationships among various predictors of global and domain-specific cognitive impairment, with the aim of identifying older adults with an increased risk of dementia in the preclinical phase. TIGER, a population-based prospective cohort, recruited 605 and 629 (total of 1,234) older adults (aged 65 and above) at baseline (2011-2013 and 2019-2022) of phase I and II, respectively. Participants have undergone structured questionnaires, global and domain-specific cognitive assessments, physical exams, and biological specimen collections at baseline and biennial follow-ups to date. By 2022, TIGER I has included 4 biennial follow-ups, with the participants comprising 53.9% female and having a mean age of 73.2 years at baseline. After an 8-year follow-up, the annual attrition rate was 6.1%, reflecting a combination of 9.9% of participants who passed away and 36.2% who dropped out. TIGER has published novel and multidisciplinary research on cognitive-related outcomes in older adults, including environmental exposures (indoor and ambient air pollution), multimorbidity, sarcopenia, frailty, biomarkers (brain and retinal images, renal and inflammatory markers), and diet. TIGER’s meticulous design, multidisciplinary data, and novel findings elucidate the complex etiology of cognitive impairment and frailty, offering valuable insights into factors that can be used to predict and prevent dementia in the preclinical phase.

Summary

Key Message
1. The Taiwan Initiative for Geriatric Epidemiological Research (TIGER), established in 2001, aims to fill the knowledge gap regarding the longitudinal associations between environmental exposure, clinical factors, and performance in global and cognitive domains. 2. TIGER has made significant findings in various aspects, including the effects of exposure to low-level air pollutants, indoor air quality, clinical factors (brain and retinal images, dental health), nutrition, and biomarkers on cognition over time. 3. TIGER's multidisciplinary data and advanced analysis elucidate the predictors of cognitive impairment, identifying older adults at increased risk of dementia in the preclinical phase for early prevention and intervention.

Citations

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Disturbing dreams and dementia incidence across diverse cohort studies: A COSMIC collaboration study
Darren M. Lipnicki, Ashleigh S. Vella, Erico Castro‐Costa, Sergio Luis Blay, Maria Fernanda Lima‐Costa, Karen Ritchie, Elena Rolandi, Annalisa Davin, Michele Rossi, Ki Woong Kim, Ji Won Han, Dae Jong Oh, Ding Ding, Qianhua Zhao, Xiaowen Zhou, Yen‐Ching Ch
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
The spatial relationship between older adults’ cognitive function, air pollution, and neighbourhood environment: a case study of Tainan, Taiwan
Tzuyuan Stessa Chao, Yi Sun, Hung Lin, Yuhsuan Lin
Planning Practice & Research.2026; : 1. CrossRef
Interactive effects of retinal biomarkers and sleep on cognition: longitudinal evidence from community-dwelling older adults
Ting-Wen Chu, Yi-Ting Hsieh, Jeng-Min Chiou, Yao-Lin Liu, Yen-Ching Chen, Jen-Hau Chen
GeroScience.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Addressing global diversity in dementia research with the COSMIC collaboration
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Neuroscience.2025; 582: 180. CrossRef

Original Articles

Seasonal impact of diurnal temperature range on intracerebral hemorrhage in middle-aged and elderly people in central China: Shiwen Wang, Jinyu Yin, Hao Zhou, Jingmin Lai, Guizhen Xiao, Zhuoya Tong, Jing Deng, Fang Yang, Qianshan Shi, jingcheng shi; Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024053. Published online June 11, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024053

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the seasonal impact of diurnal temperature range (DTR) on hospitalization rates for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in middle-aged and elderly adults.
METHODS
We collected data on the DTR and hospitalization records of ≥45-year-old patients with ICH in 2019 in Hunan Province, central China. Time-series analyses were performed using a distributed lag non-linear model.
RESULTS
Overall, 54,690 hospitalizations for ICH were recorded. DTR showed a non-linear relationship with ICH hospitalization in both middle-aged and elderly populations (45-59 and ≥60 years, respectively). During spring, a low DTR coupled with persistently low temperatures increased ICH risk in both age groups, while a high DTR was associated with an increased risk in the middle-aged group only (relative risk [RR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 to 1.27). In the summer, a low DTR combined with persistently high temperatures was linked to a higher risk exclusively in the middle-aged group. A high DTR in the autumn was correlated with increased risk in both age groups. In winter, either a low DTR with a continuously low temperature or a high DTR elevated the risk solely in the elderly population (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.69). In the elderly group, the impact of DTR on hospitalization risk manifested within a 5-day period.
CONCLUSIONS
The impact of DTR on ICH hospitalization risk differed significantly across seasons and between age groups. Elderly individuals demonstrated greater sensitivity to the impact of DTR. Weather forecasting services should emphasize DTR values, and interventions targeting sensitive populations are needed.; Summary

Key Message
In a large-scale, study of 54,690 hospitalizations for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) from China, we identified the seasonal impact of diurnal temperature range (DTR) on hospitalization rates for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in middle aged and elderly adults. Specifically, the impact of DTR on ICH hospitalization risk differed significantly across seasons and between age groups. Elderly individuals demonstrated greater sensitivity to the impact of DTR. The findings of this study could be instrumental in the prevention and control of ICH.

Profiling the socioeconomic characteristics, dietary intake, and health status of Korean older adults for nutrition plan customization: a comparison of principal component, factor, and cluster analyses: Kyungsook Woo, Kirang Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024043. Published online April 12, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024043

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to establish profiles of socioeconomic characteristics, dietary intake, and health status among Korean older adults by employing 3 multivariate analysis techniques.
METHODS
Data were obtained from 1,352 adults aged 65 years and older who participated in the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis (FA), and cluster analysis (CA) were utilized for profiling, with data preprocessing undertaken to facilitate these approaches.
RESULTS
PCA, FA, and CA yielded similar results, reflecting the high common variance among the variables. PCA identified 4 components, accounting for 71.6% of the accumulated variance. FA revealed 5 factors, displaying a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of 0.51 and explaining 74.3% of the total variance. Finally, CA grouped the participants into 4 clusters (R2=0.465). Both PCA and FA identified dietary intake (energy, protein, carbohydrate, etc.), social support from family (incorporating family structure, number of family numbers, and engagement in social eating), and health status (encompassing oral, physical, and subjective health) as key factors. CA classified Korean older adults into 4 distinct typologies, with significant differences observed in dietary intake, health status, and household income (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
The study utilized PCA, FA, and CA to analyze profiling domains and derive characteristics of older adults in Korea, followed by a comparison of the results. The variables defining the clusters in CA were consistent with those identified by PCA and FA.; Summary

Korean summary
동일한 데이터셋을 사용하여 PCA, FA, CA를 이용한 프로파일링 분석이 한국의 노인들을 특성화하고 분류하기 위해 수행되었습니다. 분석 결과, 세 가지 기법은 한국 노인들의 특성에서 유사한 패턴을 보였습니다.

Key Message
Profiling analysis using PCA, FA, and CA was performed to characterize and classify older adults in Korea on the same dataset. As a result of the analysis, the three techniques showed similar patterns in the characteristics of Korean older adults.

Associations of depressive symptoms with lower extremity function and balance in Korean older adults: Bong Jo Kim, Kyupin Ha, Hyun Soo Kim, Hye Ran Bae, Minkook Son; Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024021. Published online January 15, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024021

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The relationship of depressive symptoms to lower extremity function and balance, especially in older adults without a depression diagnosis, remains unclear. Therefore, our study analyzed this relationship using a large sample of Korean older adults.

METHODS

We used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service’s Health Screening Program database. Individuals aged 66 years who had undergone the National Screening Program for Transitional Ages in Korea and were without a diagnosis of depressive disorder were included. The lower extremity function and balance were evaluated using 2 physical tests, while depressive symptoms were assessed using a 3-question survey. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between depressive symptoms and lower extremity function and balance.

RESULTS

Among 66,041 individuals, those with depressive symptoms showed significantly higher rates of abnormal lower extremity function and abnormal balance. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of depressive symptoms to abnormal lower extremity function and abnormal balance were (aOR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.44) and (aOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.29 to 1.48), respectively. Assessment of the relationship based on depressive symptom scores revealed that higher scores were associated with higher aORs (p for trend <0.001). Subgroup analyses further confirmed this relationship, especially among patients with cerebrovascular disease or dementia.

CONCLUSIONS

This study revealed an association between depressive symptoms and the abnormal lower extremity function and balance of 66-year-old individuals without a diagnosis of depressive disorder.

Summary

Key Message
• This study investigated the associations of depressive symptoms with lower extremity function and balance in 66-year-old individuals without a diagnosis of major depressive disorder.
• Older adults with depressive symptoms showed significantly higher levels of abnormal lower extremity function and balance than those without.
• Higher depressive symptom scores were associated with higher odds ratios for abnormal lower extremity function and balance.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association of kidney function and proteinuria with lower-extremity dysfunction in older Korean adults: a cross-sectional study
Bongjo Kim, Eun-Bin Lim, Young Sang Lyu, Minkook Son, Youngmin Yoon
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2025; 40(5): 823. CrossRef

Systematic Review

Effectiveness of community-based interventions for older adults living alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Inhye Kim, Hyunseo An, Sohyeon Yun, Hae Yean Park; Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024013. Published online January 3, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024013

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study examined the effectiveness of community-based interventions designed for older adults living alone through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODS

The study incorporated 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 5 non-RCTs to evaluate various interventions. The methodological quality of these studies was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist, while Q-statistic and I-square tests were performed to examine statistical heterogeneity. Additionally, visual inspection of funnel plots and the trim-and-fill method were employed to investigate potential publication bias. Of the 2,729 identified studies, 9 met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Independent variables were categorized into 5 groups (physical activity, nutrition, social relationships, social participation, and combined intervention) to examine their effects. Dependent variables were similarly classified into 5 subgroups to identify the specific effects of the interventions.

RESULTS

Interventions focusing on nutrition and combined approaches were the most effective, yielding effect sizes of 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 1.25) and 0.43 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.60), respectively. The interventions had the greatest impacts on the health behavior and mental health of the participants, with effect sizes of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.73 to 1.22) for health behavior and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.19 to 1.16) for mental health.

CONCLUSIONS

This study suggests a direction for the development of community-based interventions tailored to the needs of older adults living alone. Additionally, it provides evidence to inform policy decisions concerning this demographic.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 독거 노인들 대상으로 한 지역사회 기반 중재의 효과에 대하여 탐색하고 그 효과 크기를 확인하기 위하여 체계적고찰 및 메타분석을 실시하였다. 영양 및 복합 중재가 특히 효과적이었으며, 이는 건강 행동과 정신건강에 있어 중요한 긍정적 효과를 나타내어 추후 개별적 맞춤 중재의 잠재적 효과성을 나타낸다. 이러한 발견은 독거노인 집단의 웰빙 향상을 위한 프로그램과 정책 입안에 근거로 활용될 수 있다.

Key Message
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of community-based interventions for older adults living alone, incorporating 9 studies to assess effectiveness in areas like nutrition and combined strategies. Results indicated significant benefits, particularly in health behavior and mental health, demonstrating the potential of tailored interventions. These findings support the development of targeted programs and policy decisions aimed at improving the well-being of this demographic.

Citations

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Mental health promotion strategies for minority older adults in highland areas during disease outbreaks: a qualitative exploration
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BMC Geriatrics.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
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Raymond Gardner, Luciola Pontes Leite de Barros, Kwok Leung Cheung, William Dale, Lore Decoster, Barbara Ewals, Cindy Kenis, Martine Puts, Christopher Steer, Hans Wildiers, Grant Williams, Nicolò Matteo Luca Battisti
Journal of Geriatric Oncology.2026; 17(3): 102907. CrossRef
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Giovanna Apicella, Luca Grosset, Rosario Maggistro, Elena Sartori
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Original Articles

Food literacy and its relationship with food intake: a comparison between adults and older adults using 2021 Seoul Food Survey data: Seulgi Lee, Sohyun Park, Kirang Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023062. Published online July 3, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023062

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Abstract Summary PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to examine the differences in food literacy between adults and older adults and the association of food literacy with food group intake.

METHODS

In total, 4,039 participants from the 2021 Survey for Food Consumption in Seoul were included in this study. The intake of whole grains, high-protein foods, total vegetables, vegetables excluding kimchi and pickles, fresh fruits, and milk and dairy products was assessed using a simple food frequency questionnaire. Food literacy was measured using a food literacy measurement questionnaire.

RESULTS

With the exception of milk and dairy, adults had a significantly higher proportion of insufficient food intake than older adults (p<0.001). Both adults and older adults with sufficient food group consumption had higher food literacy scores. Notably, the difference in food literacy scores by level of food intake was highest for fresh fruits (p<0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors affecting food literacy scores, a higher score was associated with a lower probability of having insufficient food intake in all food groups for both adults and older adults. Specifically, those in the highest food literacy score quartile were less likely to have insufficient intake of vegetables (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28 to 0.43) and fresh fruits (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.43), compared to the lowest quartile.

CONCLUSIONS

Improving food literacy is an important factor for promoting healthy food intake in older adults as well as adults. Therefore, it is necessary to develop intervention programs to work toward this goal.

Summary

Korean summary
건강정보 이해능력(health literacy)은 노인에서 만성질환이나 인지능력과의 관련성이 보고되고 있으나 영양정보 이해능력(food literacy)에 대한 연구는 미비하다. 급변하는 식이 환경에서 식사 및 영양과 관련된 정보를 올바르게 이해하고 판단할 수 있는 영양정보 이해능력은 노인성 질환 예방에 중요하다. 본 연구에서 영양정보 이해능력과 식품군 섭취와의 상관성을 분석한 결과 영양정보 이해능력이 높은 노인이 건강한 식품 섭취 부족 위험이 낮았다. 특히 과일 섭취 부족 위험은 영양정보 이해능력이 높은 노인에서 뚜렷하게 낮았다. 국내 영양정보 이해능력 연구는 초기 단계로 주로 성인 대상으로 연구가 이루어져서 본 연구에서의 결과는 그 의의가 크며, 영양정보 이해능력 향상은 성인과 마찬가지로 노인에서도 건강한 식품 섭취를 위한 중요한 요인으로서 이를 위한 프로그램 개발이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Key Message
The study on food literacy among older adults in Korea is significant as previous research has mostly focused on adults. The results showed that older adults with higher food literacy score had lower risk of insufficient food intake as compared with those with lower food literacy score. Specifically, the risk of insufficient fresh fruits intake was the lowest among older adults with higher food literacy score. Therefore, improving food literacy is an important factor for promoting healthy food consumption among older adults.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Nutritional vulnerability and its associated characteristics among the elderly in Seoul: analysis of data from the Seoul food survey 2024
Misung Lee, Youngmin Nam, Hye-Jong Yoo, Jihyun Yoon
Frontiers in Nutrition.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Does Health Literacy Mediate Sociodemographic and Economic Inequalities in Fruit and Vegetable Intake? An Analysis of Slovenian National HLS19 Survey Data
Andrej Kirbiš, Stefani Branilović, Maruša Lubej
Foods.2025; 14(3): 378. CrossRef
Current status of nutrition education media and its utilization in providing customized nutrition information for older adults in Korea: a scoping review based on the transtheoretical model and food literacy
Seojin Yun, Jiwon An, Kirang Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2025; 30(3): 175. CrossRef
Examining the Association Between Food Insecurity, Food Literacy, and Food Intake Among Low-Income Adults in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Mahitab Hanbazaza, Lama Alaklabi
Foods.2025; 14(17): 3078. CrossRef
남성의 조리문해력이 식생활만족도에 미치는 영향: 조리관심도의 매개효과를 중심으로
진영 장, 지영 윤
Korean Journal of Food and Cookery Science.2025; 41(6): 430. CrossRef
Self-perceived food literacy in relation to the quality of overall diet and main meals: A cross-sectional study in Japanese adults
Kentaro Murakami, Nana Shinozaki, Tsuyoshi Okuhara, Tracy A. McCaffrey, M. Barbara E. Livingstone
Appetite.2024; 196: 107281. CrossRef
Status of Food Literacy and Association with the Nutrition Quotient among Korean Adults
Geum-Bi Ryu, Young-Ran Heo
Human Ecology Research.2024; 62(3): 399. CrossRef

Non-linear relationship between body mass index and self-rated health in older Korean adults: body image and sex considerations: Seok-Joon Yoon, Jin-Gyu Jung, Soon-Ki Ahn, Jong-Sung Kim, Jang-Hee Hong; Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023061. Published online June 20, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023061

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and self-rated health (SRH) in older adults aged over 65 years while examining the influence of self-perceived body image (SBI) and sex.

METHODS

Raw data were obtained from the Korea Community Health Survey, which included BMI measurements of Koreans aged over 65 years (n=59,628). Non-linear relationships between BMI and SRH were analyzed separately for each sex using restricted cubic splines while controlling for SBI and other confounding variables.

RESULTS

Men showed a reverse J-shaped association, while women showed a J-shaped association between BMI and poor SRH. However, including SBI in the model changed this association for men to an inverted U-shape showing a negative direction, with the highest risk of poor SRH observed in the underweight to overweight range. For women, a nearly linear positive relationship was observed. Regardless of BMI, those who perceived their weight as not “exactly the right weight” had a higher risk of poor SRH than those who perceived their weight as “exactly the right weight” in both men and women. Older men who thought they were much too fat or too thin had similar highest risks of poor SRH, whereas older women who thought they were too thin had the highest risk of poor SRH.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this study emphasize the importance of considering sex and body image perceptions when assessing the relationship between BMI and SRH in older adults, especially in men.

Summary

Korean summary
자가 평가 건강 상태 (self-rated health, SRH)와 체질량지수는 각각 건강에 많은 관련이 있는 것으로 밝혀져 있다. 하지만 둘 사이의 관계는 연구마다 다양하게 나타나 있고, 노인들을 대상으로 한 연구도 많지 않다. 노인들은 본인들의 체중을 낮게 평가하는 경향이 있어 둘 사이 관계를 살펴볼 때 자기 인지 체형에 대한 고려가 필요하며, 성별에 따른 영향도 역시 고려해봐야 한다. 본 연구에서는 체질량지수로 파악한 비만의 정도에 관계없이 남성과 여성 모두에서 자기 인지 체형이 정상인 경우에 좋지 않은 SRH를 가질 위험성이 낮았다. 남성에서는 체질량지수와 SRH의 관계가 불분명하게 나타났고 자기 인지 체형이 더 중요한 요인으로 보인다. 한편 여성에서는 체질량지수가 증가함에 따라 SRH도 나빠지는 경향을 보였다. 이에 노인들의 비만과 관련된 교육에 있어서는 자가 인지 체형과 체질량지수를 이용한 비만의 기준에 대해 포함하는 것이 중요하다.

Key Message
Previous research has not fully explored the relationship between BMI, SBI, and SRH in older adults. Our study, using big data, found that the relationships differed between men and women. Those who perceived their weight as ‘exactly the right weight’ had the lowest risk of poor SRH. In men, BMI had a weak effect on SRH, while in women, the risk of poor SRH increased as BMI increased. We recommend that healthcare providers should educate older adults about BMI standards and help them identify their SBI for effective obesity counseling.

Citations

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Obesity and self-rated health in middle-aged Danes
Frederik Pagh Bredahl Kristensen, Morten Madsen, Lars Pedersen, Reimar Wernich Thomsen, Henrik Toft Sørensen
International Journal of Obesity.2026; 50(3): 536. CrossRef
Nutritional Risk Factors Model of Community-Dwelling Older People in Poland–Pilot Study
Robert Gajda, Marzena Jeżewska-Zychowicz, Karolina Rak, Monika Maćków
Nutrients.2025; 17(13): 2150. CrossRef
Sex Based Comparison of Health Self-Perception, Sleep, Anxiety, and Body Composition Among University Students
Sondos Basheer, Hadia Radwan, Veena Raigangar, Falak Zeb, Ayat Zamrik, Raghda Adi, Tala Faraj, Woroud Chaker, Tareq Osaili, Hayder Hasan
International Journal of Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Healthy Behaviors and Self-Rated Health Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-National Comparison Between US and Korea
Seungah H. Lee, Jiyoung Lyu, Kimberly J. Johnson
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The Associations Between Physical Activity, Body Perception, and Self-Rated Health in Korean Adults: An Analysis of the 2023 Korean Community Health Survey
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The Association between Self-Rated Health and Body Weight Image among Korean Adolescents
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Health-adjusted life expectancy according to lifestyle classified by the Yonsei Lifestyle Profile-BREF: Sanghun Nam, Kang-Hyun Park, Ji-Hyuk Park, Ickpyo Hong; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022095. Published online October 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022095

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) by demographic characteristics (sex, educational achievement, and residential area) according to the lifestyle classifications of the Yonsei Lifestyle Profile-BREF (YLP-BREF).
METHODS
This study included 569 participants aged 55 years or older living in Korea. The YLP-BREF domains were physical activity, activity participation, and nutrition.
RESULTS
Females had a longer HALE (mean±standard deviation, 8.90±5.06 years) in the physical activity domain, while males had a longer HALE in the nutrition domain (9.44±5.91 years). People living in rural areas had longer HALE in physical activity (12.02±5.60 years), activity participation (8.58±4.21 years), and nutrition (11.33±6.43 years). There were no significant differences according to sex or residential area. High school graduates showed the longest HALE (physical activity: 10.38± 6.89; activity participation: 7.64±4.29; nutrition: 9.59±6.40 years). There was a significant difference in educational achievement.
CONCLUSIONS
As people age, the demand for a healthy lifestyle increases. This study attempted to calculate HALE by demographic characteristics according to lifestyle. The results of this study will help inform future research directions for providing a healthy lifestyle.; Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 Yonsei Lifestyle Profile-BREF(YLP-BREF)의 라이프스타일 분류에 따른 인구통계학적 특성(성별, 주거지역, 학력)에 따른 건강조정수명(Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy; HALE)을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 자료는 한국에 거주하는 55세 이상의 569명이 포함되었으며, YLP-BREF는 신체활동, 활동참여, 영양으로 총 세 영역으로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구 결과, 성별에 따른 건강조정수명은 영양에서 9.44세로 남성이 가장 높았으며, 거주지역은 따른 건강조정수명은 신체활동 영역에서 농촌이 12.02세로 가장높았고, 학력에 따른 건강조정수명은 신체활동 영역에서 고등학교 졸업자가 10.38세로 가장 높았다. 본 연구 결과는 건강한 라이프스타일을 인구통계학적 특성에 따라 제공하기 위한 향후 연구 방향을 제시하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

Key Message
This study investigated Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE) according to demographic characteristics (sex, residence, educational achievement) according to lifestyle classification of Yonsei Lifestyle Profile-BREF. As a result of this study, the HALE by gender was the highest in nutrition at 9.44 years, and the HALE by residential area was the highest in physical activity at 12.02 years in rural areas, and the HALE by education was in physical activity. , high school graduates had the highest age at 10.38. The results of this study are considered to be helpful in suggesting future research directions for providing a healthy lifestyle.

Systematic Review

The prevalence of functional disability and its impact on older adults in the ASEAN region: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Phei Nie Yau, Clairen Jia Ern Foo, Nicholas Li Jie Cheah, Kar Foong Tang, Shaun Wen Huey Lee; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022058. Published online July 12, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022058

30,084 View
399 Download
44 Web of Science
51 Crossref

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Functional disability is a common consequence of the ageing process and can lead to poor health outcomes due to the inability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) independently. However, the prevalence of functional disability among older adults in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region is poorly documented. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of functional disability and its impact on older adults in the ASEAN region.

METHODS

A systematic literature search was performed on 4 databases from inception until March 2021 to identify studies examining individuals aged 60 years and above reporting functional disabilities in the ASEAN region. Information on the prevalence and impact of functional disability was extracted, assessed for bias, summarised, and analysed using a random-effects meta-analysis.

RESULTS

Thirty-four studies with 59,944 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of ADL disability was 21.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.2 to 27.3) and that of IADL disability was 46.8% (95% CI, 35.5 to 58.3). Subgroup analyses showed higher prevalence among those of advanced age and women. Adverse impacts included increased years of life with disability and poor health-related quality of life.

CONCLUSIONS

Nearly a quarter of the older adult population in the ASEAN region experience functional disability. These findings highlight the need for further research on the burden and impact of functional disability within this region to allow decision-makers to gauge the severity of the issue, develop policies to reduce the risk of developing functional disabilities, and foster healthy ageing.

Summary

Key Message
Highly common and disabling among older adults in ASEAN region, functional disability limits the ability to carry out activities of daily living, and markedly reduces life quality.

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Original Articles

The risk of stroke according to statin medication compliance in older people with chronic periodontitis: an analysis using the Korea National Health Insurance Service-Senior Cohort Database: Seon-Rye Kim, Minkook Son, Yu-Rin Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022055. Published online July 5, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022055

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We investigated the risk of stroke according to statin medication compliance in older people with chronic periodontitis.

METHODS

Chronic periodontitis patients were extracted from the National Health Insurance Service-Senior Cohort Database from 2002 to 2014. Among 255,056 chronic periodontitis patients, 41,412 patients with statin prescriptions for 28 days or more were included. The study population was divided into the top 25% of medication compliance group (TSG) and the lower 25% of medication compliance group (BSG). After 1:1 propensity score matching was performed, the final number of patients in the BSG and TSG was 6,172 each. To analyze the risk of stroke, a Cox proportional hazard model was performed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) after adjusting for age, sex, income level, hypertension, diabetes, and Charlson comorbidity index.

RESULTS

In the Kaplan-Meier curve, the disease-free probability was prominently lower in the BSG than in the TSG (p for log-rank= 0.001). The HR in the multivariable-adjusted model for stroke occurrence in the TSG compared to the BSG was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.92; p= 0.002). Subgroup analyses showed significant associations between compliance to statin medication and stroke, especially in female, people 85 years or older, and patients with comorbidities.

CONCLUSIONS

Increasing compliance to statins may reduce stroke risk in older adults with chronic periodontitis. Therefore, in order to increase medication compliance among older people with chronic periodontitis, it is necessary for medical staff to make efforts to provide effective medication guidance.

Summary

Korean summary
만성치주질환을 가진 노인에서 스타틴 복용순응도가 낮은 그룹에 비해 높은 그룹이 뇌졸증 발생위험이 낮았다. 특히 여성과 후기 노인 (85세 이상), 동반 질환을 가진 그룹에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 따라서 스타틴 복용 순응도를 증대시키기 위한 의료진의 노력이 필요할 것이다.

Key Message
The stroke risk of chronic periodontal disease patients was related to statin medication compliance, and the effect of stroke risk was different in women, the elderly, and comorbidities.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Oral Diseases and Brain Pathologies: A Systematic Review with Narrative Synthesis of Clinical, Neuroimaging, and Mechanistic Evidence
Marines Vega Sanchez, Francisco Córdova, Maria Rodríguez Tatés, Luis Chauca Bajaña, Diego Quiguango Farías, María Flores Araque, Byron Velásquez Ron
Biomedicines.2026; 14(4): 768. CrossRef
Association between regular dental scaling and stroke risk in patients with periodontal diseases: evidence from a Korean nationwide database
Yu-Rin Kim, Minkook Son, Seon-Rye Kim
Epidemiology and Health.2025; 47: e2025020. CrossRef
Association between statin compliance and risk of dementia among patients with chronic periodontitis
Yu‐Rin Kim, Minkook Son, Seon‐Rye Kim
Oral Diseases.2024; 30(5): 3440. CrossRef
The association between dental caries, periodontal diseases, and tooth loss with diabetes mellitus among the elderly population
Mohammad-Hossein Heydari, Farshad Sharifi, Shayan Sobhaninejad, Ali Sharifi, Leili Alizadeh, Soheila Darmiani, Shima Bijari, Parvin Parvaie, Soheila Bakhshandeh, Shervan Shoaee, Mohammad-Hossein Khoshnevisan
Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders.2024; 23(1): 1371. CrossRef
Impact of statin treatment on cardiovascular events in patients with retinal vein occlusion: a nested case-control study in Korea
Joonsang Yoo, Joo Youn Shin, Jimin Jeon, Jinkwon Kim
Epidemiology and Health.2023; 45: e2023035. CrossRef

The age-standardized incidence, mortality, and case fatality rates of COVID-19 in 79 countries: a cross-sectional comparison and their correlations with associated factors: Dongui Hong, Sohyae Lee, Yoon-Jung Choi, Sungji Moon, Yoonyoung Jang, Yoon-Min Cho, Hyojung Lee, Sukhong Min, Hyeree Park, Seokyung Hahn, Ji-Yeob Choi, Aesun Shin, Daehee Kang; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021061. Published online September 8, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021061

39,933 View
414 Download
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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, crude incidence and mortality rates have been widely reported; however, age-standardized rates are more suitable for comparisons. In this study, we estimated and compared the age-standardized incidence, mortality, and case fatality rates (CFRs) among countries and investigated the relationship between these rates and factors associated with healthcare resources: gross domestic product per capita, number of hospital beds per population, and number of doctors per population.

METHODS

The incidence, mortality, and CFRs of 79 countries were age-standardized using the World Health Organization standard population. The rates for persons 60 years or older were also calculated. The relationships among the rates were analysed using trend lines and coefficients of determination (R2). Pearson correlation coefficients between the rates and the healthcare resource-related factors were calculated.

RESULTS

The countries with the highest age-standardized incidence, mortality, and CFRs were Czechia (14,253 cases/100,000), Mexico (182 deaths/100,000), and Mexico (6.7%), respectively. The R2 between the incidence and mortality rates was 0.852 for all ages and 0.945 for those 60 years or older. The healthcare resources-related factors were associated positively with incidence rates and negatively with CFRs, with weaker correlations among the elderly.

CONCLUSIONS

Compared to age-standardized rates, crude rates showed greater variation among countries. Medical resources may be important in preventing COVID-19-related deaths; however, considering the small variation in fatality among the elderly, preventive measures such as vaccination are more important, especially for the elderly population, to minimize the mortality rates.

Summary

Korean summary
국가별 발생률, 사망률, 치명률을 WHO 표준 인구로 연령표준화하였고, 의료자원과 관계된 지표와의 상관관계를 파악하였다. 2021년 4월 6일 기준, 연령표준화 발생률, 사망률, 치명률이 가장 높은 나라는 각각 체코 (10만명당 14,253명), 멕시코 (10만명당 182명), 멕시코 (6.7%)이며, 60세 이상 노인은 사망률과 치명률이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 1인당GDP, 인구당 의사 수, 인구당 병상 수는 발생률과 양의 상관관계가, 치명률과는 음의 상관관계가 있었고 노인에게서는 상관관계가 약하게 나타났다. 코로나바이러스감염증-19로 인한 피해를 최소화하기 위해서 의료자원의 투입과 더불어 노인의 감염예방이 중요할 것이다.

Key Message
The incidence, mortality, and case fatality rates of 79 countries were age-standardized using the WHO standard population. The correlations between the rates and the healthcare resource-related factors were investigated. As of April 6, 2021, the countries with the highest age-standardized incidence, mortality, and case fatality rates were Czechia (14,253 cases/100,000), Mexico (182 deaths/100,000), and Mexico (6.7%), respectively; the mortality and case fatality rates were higher among the elderly. GDP per capita, number of hospital beds per population, and number of doctors per population were associated positively with incidence rate, and negatively with case fatality rates: the correlations were weaker among the elderly. To minimize the burden caused by COVID-19, preventing the elderly from infection is important as well as supply of medical resources.

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Basim Ali, Ronald Samuel, Jennifer R. Kramer, Liang Li, Xian Yu, Yumei Cao, Roxanne Desiderio, George Cholankeril, Steven M. Asch, Hashem B. El-Serag, Fasiha Kanwal
Hepatology Communications.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
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Uwe Riedmann, Alena Chalupka, Lukas Richter, Martin Sprenger, Wolfgang Rauch, Robert Krause, Peter Willeit, Harald Schennach, Bernhard Benka, Dirk Werber, Tracy Beth Høeg, John PA Ioannidis, Stefan Pilz
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Iván de Jesús Ascencio-Montiel, Oscar David Ovalle-Luna, Ramón Alberto Rascón-Pacheco, Victor Hugo Borja-Aburto, Gerardo Chowell
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Association between weekly fruit and vegetable consumption and depressive symptoms: results from the Korean Elderly Environmental Panel study: Youjeong Yuk, Chae-Rin Han, Yoonyoung Jang, Yun-Chul Hong, Yoon-Jung Choi; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021029. Published online April 20, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021029

24,348 View
399 Download
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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Although previous studies have investigated the correlation between fruit and vegetable consumption and depression, the results remain inconclusive. The present study aimed to investigate the association between weekly fruit and vegetable consumption and depressive symptoms in elderly Koreans.

METHODS

A multiple covariate linear regression analysis was performed using the data of 1,226 elderly individuals ≥ 60 years of age who participated in the Korean Elderly Environmental Panel II study from 2012 to 2014. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Korean version of the Short form Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-K). Generalized linear mixed-effects models were constructed to analyze the repeated measurements of 305 people who participated in the survey every year.

RESULTS

After adjusting for confounders, SGDS-K scores were negatively associated with the frequency of weekly fruit consumption as follows (β [95% confidence interval; CI]: -0.17 [-0.28 to -0.05], -0.17 [-0.27 to -0.07], -0.42 [-0.54 to 0.29], and -0.33 [-0.44 to -0.21]) for less than 1 time/wk, 1-3 times/wk, 4-6 times/wk, and daily, respectively, compared to no consumption. The SGDS-K scores were also negatively associated with the frequency of vegetable consumption (β [95% CI]: -0.86 [-1.18 to -0.55], -0.18 [-0.35 to -0.01], -0.36 [-0.53 to -0.18], and -0.15 [-0.29 to 0.00]) in the above order, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Fruit consumption was inversely associated with depression levels in a dose-dependent manner. Although there was no dose-response relationship between vegetable consumption and the level of depression, it was negatively associated with SGDS-K scores.

Summary

Korean summary
KEEP-II 데이터를 활용하여 한국 노년층의 주간 과일 및 채소 섭취 빈도와 우울증상 간의 상관관계를 알아보았다. 주중 과일을 섭취하는 빈도와 우울증상의 정도 및 우울증 이환 간에서 음의 상관관계가 있었으며 양반응관계가 나타났다. 채소 섭취 빈도의 경우에는 양반응관계가 나타나지 않았으나 채소 섭취 빈도와 우울증상의 정도 간에 음의 상관관계가 있었다.

Key Message
Weekly fruit consumption frequency was inversely associated with the level of depression in a dose-dependent manner in Korean elderly population who participated in KEEP-II study. Although there was no dose-response relationship between vegetable consumption and the level of depression, vegetable consumption frequency was negatively associated with the level of depression.

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Regular consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grain foods is associated with fewer depressive symptoms in older adults: a cross-sectional analysis of EpiFloripa Aging cohort study, Brazil
Karine Kahl, Gilciane Ceolin, Eleonora d’Orsi, Julia Dubois Moreira
Aging & Mental Health.2025; 29(12): 2273. CrossRef
Bidirectional associations between dietary diversity and depressive symptoms in Chinese adult women: A retrospective cohort study
Xiaoqian Dong, Ying Li, Xingxing Wang, Yinglong Duan, Min Liu, Sha Wang, Xue He, Pingting Yang, Yaqin Wang, Jianfei Xie, Andy S.K. Cheng
Journal of Affective Disorders.2024; 351: 683. CrossRef
Regional differences in the effects of healthy aging on depressive symptoms: a Korean longitudinal study of aging (2006–2020)
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Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Neuroprotective Effects of Polyphenols—Polyphenols as an Element of Diet Therapy in Depressive Disorders
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(3): 2258. CrossRef
Genetic and environmental influences on fruit and vegetable consumption and depression in older adults
Annabel P. Matison, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Victoria M. Flood, Julian N. Trollor, Vibeke S. Catts, Margaret J. Wright, David Ames, Henry Brodaty, Perminder S. Sachdev, Simone Reppermund, Karen A. Mather
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Brief Communication

Analysis of the difference in the perinatal mortality rate between white-collar and blue-collar workers in Japan, 1995-2015: Tasuku Okui; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020069. Published online November 24, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020069

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Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study investigated differences in the perinatal mortality rate between white-collar and blue-collar workers.

METHODS

Data from the “Report of Vital Statistics: Occupational and Industrial Aspects” in Japan covering the period from 1995 to 2015 were used. Five-year maternal age groups from 15-19 years to 45-49 years were analyzed according to work type, and the perinatal mortality rate for each age group and the age-standardized perinatal mortality rate according to maternal age were calculated in each analyzed year. A Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis was used to estimate age, period, and cohort effects for the perinatal mortality rate according to work type. Moreover, the perinatal mortality rate ratios between types of workers were estimated for each age group, period, and cohort.

RESULTS

The estimated perinatal mortality rate ratios of blue-collar to white-collar workers were above 1 in most of the age groups and cohorts. The age effect for the perinatal mortality rate among white-collar workers was the largest in the 15-year to 19-year age group, whereas that among blue-collar workers was the largest in the 45-year to 49-year age group. Furthermore, the estimated perinatal rate ratio between white-collar and blue-collar workers tended to increase with maternal age. The magnitude of the decrease of the cohort effects on the perinatal mortality rate was rather larger in blue-collar workers in the cohorts born between 1946-1950 and 1996-2000.

CONCLUSIONS

The magnitude of the disparity markedly increased with maternal age. Thus, middle-aged blue-collar workers need more prenatal care and preventive measures for perinatal mortality than white-collar workers.

Summary

Citations

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Low blood glucose and fatigue accumulation at peak hours of occupational trauma in secondary industry workers
Ryunosuke Ishikawa, Rikiya Shirato, Asuka Watanabe, Shinji Matsuoka, Ryousaku Sugihara, Kazushi Kimura
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Original Articles

Comparison between walking and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: associations with metabolic syndrome components in Korean older adults: Ki-Yong An; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020066. Published online October 28, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020066

21,767 View
160 Download
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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to compare moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with walking in terms of associations with metabolic syndrome components in Korean older adults.

METHODS

Data on 1,388 older adults (age ≥65 years) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018 were analyzed in this study. MVPA time and walking time per week were used as physical activity variables and blood pressure, waist circumference, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were analyzed as metabolic syndrome components. Partial correlations, analysis of covariance, and multinomial logistic regression were used for statistical analysis after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and alcohol consumption.

RESULTS

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the low MVPA/high walking and high MVPA/ high walking groups than in the low MVPA/low walking group. Triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the high MVPA/ high walking group than in the low MVPA/low walking and low MVPA/high walking groups. Engaging in <150 min/wk of MVPA increased the likelihood of abnormal blood pressure and metabolic syndrome by 1.81 times and 1.89 times, respectively, compared to ≥150 min/wk of MVPA. Engaging in <180 min/wk of walking raised the likelihood of having abnormal highdensity lipoprotein levels by 1.32 times compared to ≥180 min/wk of walking.

CONCLUSIONS

Not only MVPA but also walking was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome components in Korean older adults. Considering older adults’ preferences and exercise barriers, walking should be considered as an essential component of physical activity guidelines to prevent chronic diseases in older adults.

Summary

Korean summary
현재까지 저강도 신체활동 (걷기)은 중고강도 신체활동에 비해 상대적으로 그 중요성이 간과되어 왔다. 하지만 본 연구는 저강도 신체활동도 중고강도 신체활동 못지 않게 노인들에게서 대사증후군을 예방할 수 있는 중요한 역할을 할 수 있음을 보여준다. 게다가 노인들의 신체적 제약, 부상의 위험, 운동 선호도 등을 감안하면 걷기와 같은 저강도 신체활동은 노인들의 건강유지를 위한 신체활동 권고사항의 필수요소로 고려되어야 함을 제안한다.

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Gender difference in socioeconomic factors affecting suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among community-dwelling elderly: based on the Korea Community Health Survey: Jin-Young Jeong; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020052. Published online July 13, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020052

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to explore socioeconomic factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among the local community’s resident elderly.

METHODS

The subjects included 129,277 participants aged 65 years or above of the Korea Community Health Survey conducted in 2013 and 2017. Based on the questions for suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts, the subjects were divided into a no suicidal ideation group (n=111,344), a suicidal ideation group (n=17,487), and a suicidal attempt group (n=446). All analyses were stratified by gender, and a complex sample logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze associated factors. SAS version 9.4 was used for all analyses with a significance level of 0.05.

RESULTS

Common factors associated with suicidal ideation in both genders included marital status, frequency of contact with friends, social activity, and average monthly household income. Economic activity was demonstrated as relevant only to the elderly men subjects. According to the analysis, factors associated with suicidal attempts were the recipients of the National Basic Living Security Act for the elderly men compared to age, frequency of contact with family, frequency of contact with friends, and average monthly household income for the elderly women.

CONCLUSIONS

The study revealed that socioeconomic factors leading to suicidal ideation were similar in the elderly of both genders, while a difference was demonstrated for factors associated with suicidal attempts between the elderly of both genders. It is expected that the results of this study may be used as the basis for screening the local community’s elderly with a high suicidal risk, and in the development of suicide prevention services.

Summary

Korean summary
2013년과 2017년 지역사회건강조사에 참여한 129,277명의 노인을 대상으로 자살시도에 관련된 사회-경제적 요인을 탐색하였다. 분석결과, 남성 노인의 자살시도 관련요인은 국민기초생활수급자, 여성 노인의 자살시도 관련요인은 연령, 가족접촉빈도, 친구접촉빈도, 그리고 월평균가구소득으로 나타났다. 본 결과가 지역사회 거주 노인의 자살 고위험군 선별 및 자살 예방서비스 개발에 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

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Sex differences in lifetime suicide attempts in retired older adults between 2000 and 2021 in France: results from six national surveys
Helen-Maria Vasiliadis, Christophe Léon, Mathilde Husky
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology.2026; 61(3): 497. CrossRef
Depression subtypes, suicidality, and healthcare costs in older adults: results from a naturalistic study
Ismael Conejero, Alejandro Porras-Segovia, Lucía Albarracín-García, María Luisa Barrigón, Jorge Lopez-Castroman, Philippe Courtet, Enrique Baca-Garcia
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Associations between chronic conditions and oral health services utilization in older Peruvian adults: a pooled analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey 2015-2017: Diego Azañedo, Diego Chambergo-Michilot, Akram Hernández-Vásquez; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020023. Published online April 9, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020023

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Abstract PDF: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate the associations between chronic conditions (CCs) and oral health services utilization (OHSU) within the previous 6 months in older Peruvian adults (defined as those 60 years of age or more according to Peruvian law).
METHODS
An analytical cross-sectional study was performed based on the 2015-2017 Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey. Pooled data from 13,699 older adults were analyzed. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the associations between OHSU (dependent variable) and CCs (independent variables). Tobacco consumption, obesity, educational level, age, sex, welfare quintile, area of residence, having health insurance, and natural region of residence were included as covariates in the analysis.
RESULTS
The frequency of OHSU in older adults was 18.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.8 to 19.3). The highest percentage point (%p) differences with regards to OHSU were found between the extreme categories of educational level (higher education vs. none or elementary school: +24.8%p) and welfare quintile (richest vs. poorest: +24.0%p). In the crude model, OHSU was associated with diabetes (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.69), but this association disappeared after adjustment for covariates. Meanwhile, depression decreased the likelihood of OHSU (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.95) in the adjusted model.
CONCLUSIONS
The frequency of OHSU was low in older Peruvian adults. Regarding CCs, we found that depression independently decreased the likelihood of OHSU in the adjusted model. Our results may be useful for the development of policies aimed at achieving greater OHSU in older adults with CCs, especially in those with depression.; Summary

The effects of mental health on recurrent falls among elderly adults, based on Korean Community Health Survey data: Kyung Hee Jo, Jong Park, So Yeon Ryu; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020005. Published online February 2, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020005

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325 Download
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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to identify the effect of mental health on frequency of falls (single and recurrent falls) among elderly adults.

METHODS

Data were drawn from the 2015 Korean Community Health Survey. A chi-square test was conducted to compare differences in fall frequency according to health-related behaviors, chronic diseases, and mental health. Subsequently, multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify the effects of mental health on single and recurrent falls based on variables found to be significant in the chi-square test.

RESULTS

Recurrent falls were found to be more risky than single falls. Depression was significantly related to single falls (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 1.44). Depression (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.76), sleep disorder (5 hours or less: OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.23; more than 9 hours: OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.44, respectively), and subjective stress (OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.90 to 2.78) were significantly related to recurrent falls.

CONCLUSIONS

The study’s findings suggest that specialized fall prevention programs are needed to address different types of falls in elderly adults. To prevent recurrent falls, systematic treatment strategies and rehabilitation training must improve physical function and mental health.

Summary

Korean summary
우리나라 노인에서 정신건강이 낙상에 미치는 영향을 확인하였고, 그 결과 단순낙상은 우울감 경험을 한 경우 낙상발생 위험이 증가했으며, 반복낙상은 우울감을 경험하고, 수면장애가 있으며(수면시간 6시간 미만, 9시간 이상), 주관적 스트레스가 커질수록 낙상 위험이 증가하였다. 최종적으로 노인의 정신건강이 반복낙상에 미치는 영향이 더 큰 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과를 통해 낙상 예방 및 관리를 위한 보건사업을 제시하고, 반복낙상자의 정신적/신체적 기능 증진을 위한 치료전략과 재활훈련 계획의 근거자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

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Individual and regional factors associated with suicidal ideation among Korean elderly: a multilevel analysis of the Korea Community Health Survey: Sang Hee Jeong, Byung Chul Chun; Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019022. Published online May 26, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019022

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to identify the individual and regional characteristics that influence suicidal ideation among the Korean elderly population.

METHODS

Using data collected from the 2013 Korea Community Health Survey, a multilevel analysis was performed to establish an understanding of individual behavioral patterns and regional influences on suicidal ideation.

RESULTS

Among the 77,407 individuals sampled, 11,236 (14.5%) elderly people over 60 years of age experienced suicidal ideation. Among individual factors, age, frequency of communication with friends, religious activity, social activity, leisure activity, trust in neighbors, subjective stress level, depressive symptoms, and subjective health status were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. The results showed that the lower the regional deprivation level, the higher the suicidal ideation odds ratio. In terms of regional size, the most significant effects were found in rural areas.

CONCLUSIONS

This study suggested that suicidal ideation in the elderly is associated with community factors, such as the regional deprivation index, as well as personal factors.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 60세 이상 연령의 개인 요인에 따른 자살 생각에 영향을 미치는 요인과 지역 요인을 모두 반영하여 자살 생각에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하는 것으로 지역사회건강조사에 응답한 60대 이상 노인 77,407명 중 11,236(14.5%)명을 표본대상으로 선정하여 노인의 자살생각 가능성과 관련된 개인의 행태와 지역 또는 집단에서 영향력을 파악하기 위한 다수준 분석을 실시하였다. 결과적으로 본 연구는 60세이상의 노인에서 자살 생각에 개인적 요인 뿐 아니라 지역박탈지수와 같은 지역 요인이 관여한다는 점을 시사한다.

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Review

Impact of pharmacist-led home medicines review services on drug-related problems among the elderly population: a systematic review: Sai Krishna Gudi, Ananth Kashyap, Manik Chhabra, Muhammed Rashid, Komal Krishna Tiwari; Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019020. Published online May 17, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019020

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To address and elucidate the impact of pharmacist-led home medicines review (HMR) services on identifying drug-related problems (DRPs) among the elderly population in home care settings.

METHODS

A comprehensive systematic search was performed using electronic scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2018, pertaining to HMR services by pharmacists for identifying DRPs.

RESULTS

In total, 4,292 studies were retrieved from the searches, of which 24 were excluded as duplicates. Titles and abstracts were screened for the remaining 4,268 studies, of which 4,239 were excluded due to the extraneous nature of the titles and/or abstracts. Subsequently, 29 full-text articles were assessed, and 19 were removed for lacking the outcome of interest and/or not satisfying the study’s inclusion criteria. Finally, 10 studies were included in the review; however, publication bias was not assessed, which is a limitation of this study. In all studies, pharmacists identified a highly significant amount of DRPs through HMR services. The most common types of DRPs were potential drug-drug interactions, serious adverse drug reactions, need for an additional drug, inappropriate medication use, non-adherence, untreated indications, excessive doses, and usage of expired medications.

CONCLUSIONS

HMR is a novel extended role played by pharmacists. The efficiency of such programs in identifying and resolving DRPs could minimize patients’ health-related costs and burden, thereby enhancing the quality of life and well-being among the elderly.

Summary

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Original Articles

Health behaviors and health status of Korean middleaged men by marital status: Korea Community Health Study, 2015: Yongho Jee, Youngtae Cho; Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019019. Published online May 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019019

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Abstract Summary PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Previous studies have shown that marital status is associated with household composition and living arrangements, which partially explain observed differences in health status according to marital status. However, due to the rapid socioeconomic and demographic transformations of the last few decades, the distribution of marital status among middle-aged adults has become more diverse. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain up-to-date information on the associations between marital status and health and to investigate the implications of these findings for conventional explanations of the health effects of marriage.

METHODS

The data for this study were obtained from the 2015 Korean Community Health Study. We compared 4 modifiable lifestyle behaviors—smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and self-rated health status—as outcome variables in association with marital status in Korean middle-aged men (age 40-44) living in Seoul and other regions.

RESULTS

Married men showed the lowest cigarette smoking prevalence and the highest subjective health status both before and after adjusting for education and income. The odds of engaging in vigorous physical activity did not show a major difference before and after adjustment for income and education.

CONCLUSIONS

In married men, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was lowest and subjective health status was highest, similar to previous studies. However, the prevalence of engaging in physical activity was highest in divorced/widowed/separated men. The health behaviors and health status of Korean middle-aged adults should be more closely followed, since they are representative of demographic changes in the Korean population.

Summary

Korean summary
결혼 상태에 따른 건강을 다룬 이전연구에서 가구구성행태 위주의 연구, 기혼자일수록 일관되게 양호한 건강상태를 보인다는 결과들이 많이 보고되었으나 저출산 고령화의 흐름속에 1인 가구가 증가하고 가구 형태가 다양화되면서 기존의 연구결과들이 오늘날에도 유의한지에 따른 연구가 필요하며, 따라서 본 연구에서는 한국 중년 남성들의 결혼여부에 따른 건강상태를 분석하고자 하였다.

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Domestic elder abuse and associated factors in elderly women in Tehran, Iran: Negar Piri, Parisa Taheri Tanjani, Soheila Khodkarim, Koorosh Etemad; Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018055. Published online November 10, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018055

26,388 View
228 Download
20 Web of Science
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Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Elderly people are often abused in many ways, with serious and lasting consequences. Elder abuse remains one of the most hidden forms of family conflict, and its frequency is anticipated to be rising in many countries that are rapidly experiencing population aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of domestic elder abuse in elderly women in Tehran, Iran and to identify associated factors.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 among 260 women aged 60 and over, selected through multistage random sampling. Information on abuse and its risk factors was collected through interviews with the elderly in their homes. In order to measure domestic elder abuse, the validated Domestic Elderly Abuse Questionnaire was used. The ordinal logistic test was used in Stata version 12 to identify factors related to elder abuse.

RESULTS

Overall, 90.4% of the subjects had experienced at least 1 type of abuse, among which authority deprivation (68.5%) was the most common and rejection (11.2%) the least common. The ordinal logistic analysis showed that the likelihood of experiencing more severe severe abuse was significantly higher in elderly people over 72 than in those aged 60-62 years (odds ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 4.17).

CONCLUSIONS

Domestic elder abuse was found to be common in older women. Old age was an important risk factor for domestic elder abuse in elderly women in Tehran. Managing and preventing elder abuse is an important issue that needs to be addressed.

Summary

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Effects of living alone versus with others and of housemate type on smoking, drinking, dietary habits, and physical activity among elderly people: Seungmin Jeong, Sung il Cho; Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017034. Published online August 6, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017034

24,414 View
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29 Web of Science
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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study examined differences in health behaviors between elderly people living alone and with others; it also investigated whether the effect of living with others differs according to housemate type, namely a spouse and/or younger generations.

METHODS

Gender-stratified data from the 2013 Korea Community Health Survey for individuals aged 60 to 74 living in Seoul were analyzed. Logistic regression modeling was conducted to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the outcome variables (smoking, drinking, eating salty foods, inactive lifestyle) for the variables of interest (living alone/with others, housemate type). Models were adjusted for confounding variables including history of medical conditions, employment type, and adjusted household income.

RESULTS

Analysis involved 1,814 men and 2,199 women. Risk of smoking was 1.80 times (95% CI, 1.21 to 2.67) higher for men living alone than living with others. Risk of eating salty foods was 0.78 times lower (95% CI, 0.62 to 0.98) for men living with a spouse than a spouse and younger generations. Risk of inactive lifestyle was 1.47 times higher (95% CI, 1.13 to 1.92) for women living alone. Risk of smoking was higher for women living alone (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.92) or with younger generations (OR, 9.12; 95% CI, 2.04 to 40.80) than with a spouse and younger generations.

CONCLUSIONS

Living alone was associated with smoking in men and physical activity in women; housemate type was associated with dietary habits in men and smoking in women. These gender-specific findings can help identify groups of individuals vulnerable to risky health behaviors and to develop policies.

Summary

Korean summary
서울시의 60-74세 노인 남성 1,814명, 여성 2,199명을 대상으로, 노인의 독거 여부와 동거인의 유형이 흡연, 음주, 짜게 먹는 습관, 신체 활동 등 건강 행태에 미치는지 분석한 결과, 독거가 남성의 흡연 및 여성의 신체활동과 연관이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 동거인의 유형이 남성의 짜게 먹는 습관 및 여성의 흡연과 연관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 성특이적으로 나타난 노인의 건강 행태를 개선하기 위해 적극적으로 생활 행태를 교정할 수 있도록 영향을 주려는 정책을 만들어야 할 것이다.

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Cohort Profile

The Korean social life, health and aging project-health examination cohort: Ju-Mi Lee, Won Joon Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim, Wungrak Choi, Jina Lee, Kiho Sung, Sang Hui Chu, Yeong-Ran Park, Yoosik Youm; Epidemiol Health. 2014;36:e2014003. Published online May 13, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2014003

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Abstract Summary PDF

Abstract

The Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (KSHAP) is a population-based longitudinal study of health determinants among elderly Koreans. The target population of the KSHAP are people aged 60 years or older and their spouses living in a rural community of Korea. A complete enumeration survey was conducted in the first wave of the KSHAP on 94.7% (814 of 860) of the target population between December 2011 and July 2012. The KSHAP-Health Examination (KSHAP-HE) cohort consists of 698 people who completed additional health examinations at a public health center (n=533) or at their home (n=165). Face-to-face questionnaires were used to interview participants on their demographics, social network characteristics, medical history, health behaviors, cognitive function, and depression symptoms. Health center examinations included anthropometric measures, body impedance analysis, resting blood pressure measurement, radial artery tonometry, bone densitometry, the timed up-and-go test, and fasting blood analysis. However, only anthropometric measures, blood pressure measurement, and non-fasting blood analysis were available for home health examinations. Collaboration is encouraged and access to the KSHAP baseline data will be available via the website of the Korean Social Science Data Archive (http://www.kossda.or.kr).

Summary

Korean summary
한국인의 사회적 삶, 건강과 노화에 대한 조사(Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, KSHAP) 연구는 노인 건강의 사회적 결정요인과 그 상호작용을 평가하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 사회연결망분석(social network analysis) 기법을 도입하였다. 사회연결망분석은 개인간의 관계를 네트워크로 파악하는 개념으로, 본 연구에서는 지역사회 전체의 사회연결망 안에서 개인의 특성 및 개인간 상호작용의 특성이 신체적 정신적 건강에 미치는 영향을 연구하고자 한다. 대상인구집단은 인천광역시 강화군 일개 면 지역의 60세 이상 인구 및 그 배우자이며, 전체 860명의 모집단에서 814명(94.7%)의 건강면접조사 및 사회연결망 분석을 완료하였으며, 이 가운데 보건지소(533명) 또는 가정(165명)에서 추가 건강검진을 수행한 698명을 대상으로 KSHAP-Health Examination (KSHAP-HE) 코호트를 구축하였다.

Citations

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Original Articles

Co-prescribing Patterns of Contraindicated Drugs for the Elderly Patients in Busan.: Nam Kyong Choi, Sun Young Jung, Byung Joo Park; Korean J Epidemiol. 2008;30(1):128-136. Published online June 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/kje.2008.30.1.128

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Abstract PDF: Abstract
PURPOSE
To estimate the prevalence of co-prescribing contraindicated drugs for elderly patients in Busan.
METHODS
We used the Health Insurance Review Agency (HIRA) claims database. Study population consisted of elderly patients who visited clinics or hospitals in Busan metropolitan city from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2001. Contraindicated drugs were defined as 162 combinations of contraindicated drugs announced by the Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare in 2004. The co-prescription of contraindicated drugs was defined as prescribing two or more contraindicated drugs in combination in the same prescription. The prevalence of co-prescribing contraindicated drugswas estimated as proportion of co-prescribed patients out of the study patients. We estimated and age-adjusted prevalence and its 95% confidence interval of co-prescription of contraindicated drugs among the elderly patients in Korean population in 2001.
RESULTS
The study elderly patients were 262,952 with 2,483,227 prescriptions. Among the study patients 1,208 (4.6%) were prescribed contraindicated drugs in combination. A total of 16,255 patients were estimated as the number of co-prescribed patients among the Korean elderly in 2001. Age-standardized prevalence of co-prescription to the Korean elderly was estimated to be 45 per 10,000 persons. The most frequently prescribed combinations were cisapride & amitriptyline, roxithromycin & ergoloid mesylate, and terfenadine & erythromycin, and the frequency were 325 (16.8%), 149 (7.7%), and 132 (6.8%),respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The contraindicated drugs were co-prescribed to the elderly patients in Korea. Many of these co-prescriptions should be avoided if unnecessary. The patients should be carefully monitored if they were inevitably prescribed the contraindicated drugs.; Summary

Correlation Between Muscle Amounts and Grasp Power in the Elderly People, Jejudo.: Hojun Lee, Minsung Park, Yeoju Go, Yeong Ja Yang, Jong Myon Bae; Korean J Epidemiol. 2006;28(2):182-188.

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Abstract PDF: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to examine the relationships between muscle mass and hand strength in elderly people.
METHODS
The study subjects were 659 volunteers aged older than 65 in Jejudo, south Korea. The anthropometric information such as weight, body mass index (BMI) and muscular mass was collected by the body composition analyzer. The hand strength was obtained by the digital grip dynamometer. The fasting blood sugar index called as potential diabetes mellitus (DM) was defined as the condition over 120 mg/dL of the blood sugar. The BMI was classified into under 23, 23-25 and over 25 to analyze the relationships of BMI and muscle mass, hand strength.
RESULTS
The factors affecting muscle mass were sex (p<0.001), age (p<0.001) and BMI (p<0.001). The factors affecting hand strength were sex (p<0.001), age (p<0.001) and BMI (p=0.003). And there was a weak association between muscle mass and hand strength after controlling with the affected factors (r2=0.15, p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The hand strength is weekly correlated with the muscle mass. So we recommend to use digital grip dynamometer combining with other measurements for diagnosis the sarcopenia in epidemiologic study.; Summary

Lung cancer incidence, mortality and survival rate in Korean Elderly Pharmacoepidemiologic Cohort(KEPEC) in 1994-1998.: Nam Kyong Choi, Kyung Eun Youn, Dae Seuk Heo, Yooni Kim, Seung Mi Lee, Byung Joo Park; Korean J Epidemiol. 2002;24(2):121-130.

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Abstract PDF: Abstract
PURPOSE
This study was conducted to estimate incidence, mortality and survival rate of lung cancer in the elderly people in Korea.
METHODS
Study population was Korean Elderly Phamacoepidemiologic Cohort (KEPEC). The lung cancer incidence cases were detected from three different sources, medical utilization database of the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC), the database from the National Cancer Registry, and the database from the Regional Cancer Registry. The hospital survey to confirm the final diagnosis of the potential cases was conducted. A specialist on lung cancer reviewed the abstracted data to confirm the final diagnoses. The lung cancer death cases were detected from the mortality database at National Statistical Office. Incidence rate, survival rate and mortality rate of lung cancer and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated with SAS Window ver. 8.1. PESULTS: There were 213 confirmed lung cancer cases in KEPEC between Jan. 1994 and Dec. 1998. Age-standardized incidence rate of lung cancer to the Korean population was estimated to be 316.9 per 100,000 person-years in male and 65.2 per 100,000 person-years in female. Age-standardized mortality rate of lung cancer to the Korean population was estimated to be 342.3 per 100,000 person-years in male and 84.8 per 100,000 person-years in female. One year survival rate was 17% in male and 11% in female. Two year survival rate was 2% in male and 4% in female.
CONCLUSION
Age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized mortality rate and survival rate of lung cancer in the elderly Korean may be useful for further study and making health policy for managing lung cancer in the elderly.; Summary

A Survey on Physical Activities of Middle-aged Women Workers.: Moon Hee Jung; Korean J Epidemiol. 1998;20(1):126-140.

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Abstract PDF: Abstract
This study was conducted to look into physical activities of middle-aged women workers and various factors related to them. Two sample groups of women workers were selected in a ceramic factory located in the suburbs of Mokpo city in Chonnam Provincd: the middle-aged group(73 women workers aged between 45-49) and the compared group(60 women workers aged between 35-39). Data were colledted curing the period of July 1-20, 1996. 1. The average score of job-related physical activities were 3.09 and 3.39 in the middle-aged group and the compared group respectively. However, when it comes to leisure-time physical activities, the two groups revealed little difference, scoring 1.50 on average. These facts show us that middle-aged women workers have little concern with their leisure-time physical activities because they perceive their job activities as heavy. 2. As for the middle-aged group, the most influential variables on job-related physical activities were 'speed of eating', 'body figure' and 'blood sugar level'. Only these three variables could account for 22.2% of job-related activities of middle-aged women workers. These results imply that the faster they eat, the closer their body figure is to fatness type, and the higher their blood sugar level is, the heavier they perceive their job activities. 3. 'Body figure' was the most influential variable on Percent Ideal Body Weight(PIBW) in both the groups. It could explain 29.2% and 14.1% of PIBW in the middle-aged group and the compared group respectively. It means that the closer their body figure is to fatness type, the higher their PIBW gets. 4. As for 'body figure', 35.61% of the middle-aged group revealed fatness type. None the less, most of the middle-aged respondents perceived their 'body figure' as normal. According to the above results, I'd like to propose the followings: 1) It is necessary to provide middle-aged women workers with group health education of 'body figure'. 2) It is desirable to give workers various incentives for the active participation in walking campaign before and after work. 3) Indoor exercises such as rope-skipping and stepping in work sites as a recommendable as leisure-time physical activities.; Summary

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